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Flash Memory is a type of EEPROM (Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory). It is non-volatile, solid state technology Relatively limited lifespan. Information is stored in an array of memory cells made from floating-gate (FG) transistors. It is packaged inside a memory card. It has better kinetic shock resistance than hard disks. It's average power requirements range is from 5V-12V.

Nanotechnology involves research and technology development at the 1nm-to-100nm range. It creates and uses structures that have novel properties because of their small size and builds on the ability to control or manipulate at the atomic scale.

Ad hoc networks do not need backbone infrastructure support. it is easy to deploy.Useful when infrastructure is absent, destroyed or impractical. It is used in military applications, rescue, home networking, etc. It has no cellular infrastructure and multi-hop wireless links. Data must be routed via intermediate nodes.

Hyper-Threading technology makes a single processor appear as two logical processors. It was first implemented in the Prestonia version of the Pentium? 4 Xeon processor on 02/25/02. It provides more satisfactory solution. Single physical processor is shared as two logical processors. Each logical processor has its own architecture state, Single set of execution units are shared between logical processors.

At each point of time only a part of processor resources is used for execution of the program code. Unused resources can also be loaded, for example, with parallel execution of another thread/application. It is Extremely useful in desktop and server applications where many threads are used.

3D password is a multi-factor authentication scheme. The user login by navigating through a 3D environment. Collected user action and interactions in the virtual environment construct the 3D password. The proposed system is a multi-factor authentication scheme that combines the benefits of various authentication schemes. Users have the freedom to select whether the 3D password will be solely recall, bio-metrics, recognition, or token based, or a combination of two schemes or more.

A zero-knowledge proof is a way that a prover can prove possession of a certain piece of information to a verifier without revealing it. This is done by manipulating data provided by the verifier in a way that would be impossible without the secret information in question. A third party, reviewing the transcript created, cannot be convinced that either prover or verifier knows the secret.

Nano-RAM is being developed by the Japan based company Nantero. Dr. Thomas Rueckes, Nantero's Chief Technology Officer, uses carbon nanotubes as the active memory elements of NRAM. Dr. Rueckes uses nanotubes great conductivity to create clusters of cells to form NRAM chips. Carbon nanotubes are the strongest stiffest materials on earth Metallic nanotubes can have an electrical current density more than 1,000 times greater than metals such as silver and copper.Nanotube based transistors have been made that operate at room temperature and that are capable of digital switching using a single electron.

Computer forensics involves the preservation, identification, extraction, documentation, and interpretation of computer media for evidentiary and/or root cause analysis.Evidence might be required for a wide range of computer crimes and misuses. Information collected assists in arrests, prosecution, termination of employment, and preventing future illegal activity.

Carbon Nanotubes are intrinsically p-type semiconductors which have Interactions with metal electrodes, Impurities induced during synthesis, Interaction with oxygen in the atmosphere. The clever thing is it combines both electronic and mechanical properties of single-wall nanotubes. Metallic nanotubes will bend toward a perpendicular semiconducting nanotube when electrically charged. When a metallic nanotube is one to two nanometers away from a semiconducting nanotube, the electrical resistance at the junction is low, creating an ON state. When the nanotubes are apart the resistance is much higher, creating an OFF state.